Political Cartoon Analysis Essay

In this political cartoon, â€Å"The Security Blanket† sketched by Eugene Payne (speaker), an Army veteran that later became an award-winning cartoonist, gave his thoughts over the Great Debate over gun control (subject) through this cartoon. The occasion surrounding this topic is the gun control in the US. This cartoon was directed towards the people (audience) who want more gun control (those who agree) and the hunters who want to be able to get weapons (disagree). It had first appeared in 1983 October 5 on the Charlotte Observer to present the readers with knowledge and the importance of the ongoing gun control debate. The purpose is that Payne is in favor of gun control and against the NRA’s belief in owning weapons. His tone in this sketch seems critical, because he is expressing his views over the gun control usage in which Payne clearly shows that hunters are ignorant, since they change their reason in owning a gun just for the purpose of keeping it. Now for Ethos, he establishes his credibility through his stand in opposing the NRA for being lenient on hunters. As for Pathos, he portrays the hunter as childish and babyish needing a â€Å"Security Blanket.† He represents this blanket, as the NRA and the Bill of Rights to explain that they use these excuses as a cover up to keep their fire arms. Thus with that information, he clearly established a Logos, since he explained the immaturity of hunters and the lack of reasoning they have to own a firearm. In this political cartoon, â€Å"The Security Blanket† sketched by Eugene Payne (speaker), an Army veteran that later became an award-winning cartoonist, gave his thoughts over the Great Debate over gun control (subject) through this cartoon. The occasion surrounding this topic is the gun control in the US. This cartoon was directed towards the people (audience) who want more gun control (those who agree) and the hunters who want to be able to get weapons (disagree). It had first appeared in 1983 October 5 on the Charlotte Observer to present the readers with knowledge and the importance of the ongoing gun control debate. The purpose is that Payne is in favor of gun control and against the NRA’s belief in owning weapons. His tone in this sketch seems critical, because he is expressing his views over the gun control usage in which Payne clearly shows that hunters are ignorant, sincethey change their reason in owning a gun just for the purpose of keeping it. Now for Ethos, he establishes his credibility through his stand in opposing the NRA for being lenient on hunters. As for Pathos, he portrays the hunter as childish and babyish needing a â€Å"Security Blanket.† He represents this blanket, as the NRA and the Bill of Rights to explain that they use these excuses as a cover up to keep their fire arms. Thus with that information, he clearly established a Logos, since he explained the immaturity of hunters and the lack of reasoning they have to own a firearm.

Principles of Marketing Essay

   (Distance Learning) Semester Course Leader Office Location Telephone E-mail Consultation Hours : February 2014 : Normaziah Che Musa : FBIT, UNITAR International University, Level 12, Wing A, Tierra Crest, Jalan SS3/6, Kelana Jaya, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE. : 03- 7627 7265 : normaziah@unitar.my : Wednesday: 9.00 am – 11.00 am & 3.00 pm – 5.00 pm or By Appointment Course Synopsis This course is designed to introduce students to marketing principles and practices. Emphasis will be placed on marketing in the context of the firm and society. The course content includes a study of the relationship between marketing and society, nature and functions of marketing, marketing management processes, marketing tools, the markets, and the consumers. Course Objectives The main goal of the course is to provide an overview of the basic principles underlying modern marketing theory and practice. It will provide participants with an understanding of the analysis that is necessary for taking marketing decisions, and the wide range of factors (and interactions of those factors) that need to be considered in the design of a marketing program. Students should come away with this course with an understanding of the marketing system and its role within the Malaysian economy and within an individual firm by studying how products and services are planned, priced, promoted, and distributed in order to satisfy consumers’ wants. Learning Outcomes Upon completion of the course, students should be able to: ï‚ · define and apply knowledge of the key marketing concepts. ï‚ · explain how marketing decisions are influenced by environment, trends and developments. ï‚ · discuss the factors influencing consumer behavior. ï‚ · discuss the ways in which product, pricing, place (distribution), and promotion affect marketing . ï‚ · write a simple marketing plan. Required Materials ï‚ · Kotler, P. & Armstrong, G. (2012), Principles of Marketing, 14th Edition, Pearson. Optional/Additional Materials ï‚ · ï‚ · Nor Khalidah Abu and Yusniza Kamarulzaman (2013). Oxford Revision Series: Principles of Marketing, (2nd ed), Oxford University Press, Shah Alam. Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F. & McDaniel, C. (2012). Essentials of Marketing, 7th ed., South-Western CENGAGAE Learning, USA. Course Assessment Coursework (Assignments/ Group Project) : 40% Forums Final Examination : : 10% 50% Total 100% Course Requirements & Policies ï‚ · Attendance Attendance will be taken. Students are expected to turn up to class on time as to avoid disturbances and being late for participating in the class discussions. Attendance policy will be based on policies stated in the university’s Academic Regulation. ï‚ · Class Participation Students are encouraged to participate as much of the learning will come from discussion during class. It is expected that you switch off your hand phone! â€Å"SMSing† is totally prohibited! During class, you may be required to join as participants in marketing research projects. Please dress decently and appropriately (according to university’s dress codes) when attending classes. ï‚ · Group projects & Assignments There will be group projects and assignments. For group project, work together with your group members and at the end of the project your group members will assess your contribution to the project. You are expected to do a group presentation before submission of written copy during the semester. Assignments will be uploaded in UNIEC. In class assignments must be submitted on the specified date otherwise you may be penalized for late submission. If you encounter any problem to submit assignments on the specific date, you are required to inform the lecturer within 2 days of the specified date. For any type written assignments given, the format of the paper should be as follows: ï‚ § A cover page with your details – Name, Student ID and Sections ( as registered in CMS) ï‚ § Font: Time New Roman , size 12 with 1.5 spacing ï‚ § Include a reference page for every assignment that you submitted. ï‚ · Forums Students are required to participate in ALL 3 forums posted by the Course Leader and marks will be assigned based on the quality of the discussion. ï‚ · Accessing/ Checking UNIEC Virtual It is utmost important for students to access and check their UNIEC Virtual for any updates and information pertaining to the course regularly throughout the semester. Ignorance is NO EXCUSE. Examination Format Final examination will be a three hours-examination. The exam will evaluate your level of understanding and knowledge acquired in this course. The question formats may consist of multiple choice, true-false, short essays, and case-based problems. Week Topics Covered Overview 1 2 3 4 Topic 1: Marketing: Managing Profitable Customer Relationship Topic 2: The Marketing Environment and the Marketing Information Topic 3: Consumer Markets and Consumer Buyer Behavior Topics/Activities Remarks/ Deadlines Introduction. Class activities: – Getting to know. – Overview of course plan. Marketing: Managing Profitable Customer Relationship ï‚ · Definitions of marketing ï‚ · Basic concepts of marketing ï‚ · Evolutions of marketing ï‚ · Relationship marketing ï‚ · Marketing strategy and the marketing mix ï‚ · Marketing Challenges in the future Read: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 1 ï‚ · Harley-Davidson case. Chapter preview p158. Class activities: ï‚ · Discuss reading materials Topic 1 ï‚ · Discuss Harley Davidson exercise. The Marketing Environment and Marketing Information ï‚ · Company’s Microenvironments ï‚ · Company’s Macroenvironments ï‚ · Marketing research process Read: Forum 1 ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 3 & 4 ï‚ · Real Marketing 4.2 ‘Tracking consumers on the Web: Smart targeting or a little creepy’. p 151 Class activities: ï‚ · Discuss reading materials Topic 2 ï‚ · Discuss ‘Prius: Leading a Wave of Hybrids’ case Consumer Markets and Business Market ï‚ § Consumer Buying Behavior ï‚ § Consumer Decision-making Process ï‚ § Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior ï‚ § The Organizational Market ï‚ § The Organizational Buying Process ï‚ § Factors Affecting Organizational Buying Behavior Read: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 5 & 6 ï‚ · Real Marketing 5.2 ‘Lexus: Delighting Customers After the Sale to Keep Them Coming Back’, p 180. ï‚ · Real Marketing 6.2 ‘International Marketing Manners: When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do’, p 203. Class activities: ï‚ · ï‚ · 5 Topic 4: Creating Value To Target Customers Discuss reading materials Topic 3 Discuss ‘Arabic Blackberry: Adapting to the language of the market’ Creating Value To Target Customers ï‚ · Market Segmentation Bases ï‚ · Market Targeting ï‚ · Differentiation and Positioning Read: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 7 ï‚ · Real Marketing 7.2 ‘Dunkin’ Donuts: Positioning for the Average Joe’ p 235. Class activities: ï‚ · Discuss reading materials Topic 4 Product ï‚ · Levels & classifications of product ï‚ · New product development ï‚ · Product life cycle stages ï‚ · Product & service decisions ï‚ · Service marketing 6 Topic 5: Product & Services Read: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 8 & 9 ï‚ · Chapter preview ‘Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy’, p 214. ï‚ · Chapter preview ‘New Product Development’, p 280. Industry Linkages: Submit Group Assignment 1 Class activities: ï‚ · Discuss reading materials Topic 5 ï‚ · Discuss ‘Britvic: Creating a brand flavor’ case, p 278. Product ï‚ · Levels & classifications of product ï‚ · New product development ï‚ · Product life cycle stages ï‚ · Product & service decisions ï‚ · Service marketing 7 Topic 5: Product & Services Read: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 8 & 9 ï‚ · Chapter preview ‘Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy’, p 214. ï‚ · Chapter preview ‘New Product Development’, p 280. Class activities: ï‚ · Discuss reading materials Topic 5 ï‚ · Discuss ‘Britvic: Creating a brand flavor’ case, p 278. 8 9 MID SEMESTER BREAK Topic 6: Pricing Pricing ï‚ · Objective of Pricing ï‚ · Factors influencing price ï‚ · Pricing strategies and tactics Forum 2 ï‚ · Special pricing issues Read: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 10 & 11 ï‚ · Real Marketing 10.0 ‘Ryanair: Pricing low and Proud of it’, p 318. ï‚ · Real Marketing 10.2 ‘Pricing high and Proud of it’, p 325. ï‚ · Real marketing 11.1 ‘Pricing Dishonesty?’, p 342 10 Topic 7: Place Class activities: ï‚ · Discuss reading materials Topic 6 ï‚ · Exercise Price Place ï‚ · Marketing channel ï‚ · The importance of intermediaries ï‚ · Functions and activities of marketing channel member ï‚ · Channel Design Decisions ï‚ · Marketing Logistics and Supply Chain Management ï‚ · The role of wholesaling ï‚ · Different types of wholesaler ï‚ · The role of retailing ï‚ · Different types of retail operations Forum 3 Read: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 12 & 13 ï‚ · Chapter preview ‘Marketing Channels’, p 360. ï‚ · Real Marketing 12.1 ‘Netflix: Disintermediator or disimtermediated?’ p 372 11 12 Topic 8: Promotion Topic 8: Promotion Class activities: ï‚ · Discuss reading materials Topic 7 ï‚ · Discuss ‘Zara: The Technology Giant of the fashion world†, p 390. Promotion ï‚ · Promotion Mix – Advertising, Public Relations, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion, Direct & Online Marketing ï‚ · Integrated Marketing Communications ï‚ · Marketing Communication Process ï‚ · Shaping the Overall Promotion Mix Read: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 14 – 17 ï‚ · Real Marketing 15.2 ‘The Super bowl: the Mother of All Advertising Events – But is it worth it?’ p 469. ï‚ · Real Marketing 17.2 ‘Online Social Networks: Targeting Niches of Like-Minded People’, p 538. Class activities: – Discuss reading materials Topic 8 Promotion ï‚ · Promotion Mix Presentation of Group Advertising, Public Relations, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion, Direct & Online Marketing Integrated Marketing Communications Marketing Communication Process Shaping the Overall Promotion Mix – ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Assignment 2 Read: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 14 – 17 ï‚ · Real Marketing 15.2 ‘The Super bowl: the Mother of All Advertising Events – But is it worth it?’ p 469. ï‚ · Real Marketing 17.2 ‘Online Social Networks: Targeting Niches of Like-Minded People’, p 538. Class activities: – Discuss reading materials Topic 8 Global Marketing ï‚ · Global Market Entry Strategies 13 Topic 9: Global Marketing 14 Revision Self study 15 Revision Self study 16 Read: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 19 ï‚ · Real Marketing 19.1 ‘Oreos and milk, Chinese Style’, p 594 ï‚ · Real Marketing 19.2 ‘Watch your language’, p 597 FINAL EXAMINATION WEEK Note: Course leader has the right to make amendments to the course plan as deemed necessary.

Annotated Soap Note Hair Loss

Relevant history positive for family history of hair thinning on both sides. Relevant history negative for anemia, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, vitiligo or ulcerative colitis. The patient is not currently pregnant. Associated symptoms include intentional weight loss of 50 lbs over 10 months. Pertinent negatives include anxiety, depression, dry scalp, fever, heat intolerance, itchy scalp, rash, scalp kerion, scalp tenderness or skin sores. Noticed hair thinning for about 5 months. No bald spots, lesions on scalp or skin. Estimates she has lost 25% of hair thickness. Chronic Problems Past Medical/Surgical History 1996 (R) Shoulder arthroscopy Obstetric History G1P1. Not pregnant. Family History Disease Detail Family Member Age Cardiomyopathy Father67 (cause of death) Cancer -lungMother59 (cause of death) HypothyroidMother Social History Employment: Property Management, no exposure to chemicals. Marital Status / Family: Currently single, previously divorced once, not in relationship since divorce. Has an 11-year-old daughter. Tobacco: Never smoked. Alcohol: Occasional beer. Caffeine: coffee- 3 cups a day. Lifestyle: Moderate activity level. Exercises 3-4 days per week and takes care of horses daily. Medications (Active) Medication Name Mirena IUD, placed in 2012. Aleve as needed, taking several times a week over winter. Allergies: NKANo Known Drug Allergies Review of Systems Constitutional: Positive for: Weight loss. Has been following a very low carb diet and has lost 50 lbs. since July. No protein, nonstarchy vegetable or calorie restriction. Negative: fever and night sweats. Respiratory: Negative: cough, dyspnea. Cardiovascular: Negative: chest pain and irregular heartbeat/palpitations. Gastrointestinal: Negative: abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea. Genitourinary: The patient is pre-menopausal. No menses with IUD. Negative: dysuria. Metabolic/Endocrine: Positive for hair loss, see HPI. Weight loss from diet and lifestyle changes. Negative: heat or cold intolerance. Neuro/Psychiatric: Negative: anxiety and depression. Negative: extremity weakness, headache and numbness or weakness in extremities. Dermatologic: No hirsutism or signs of virilization, nail changes, rash, or skin sores. Scalp without pruritus, burning, or lesions. No new hair products. Shampoos daily. No chemical hair treatments. No hair loss on other parts of body. Hair lost has roots, no hair breakage. Does not put hair into braids or ponytails on regular basis. See Chief Complaint and HPI. Musculoskeletal: Negative: joint pain and joint swelling. Hematology: Negative: easy bleeding, bruising or history of anemia. Vital Signs. Height: 5’8† Weight: 237 BMI: 36 Blood Pressure: 130/75 Pulse: 80 Physical Exam Constitutional: Well developed, no distress. Eyes: PERRLA, no injection, bilaterally. Neck / Thyroid: Symmetric, trachea midline and mobile. No thyromegaly or thyroid nodules. Lymphatic: No cervical or supraclavicular adenopathy. Respiratory: Chest symmetric. Lungs clear to auscultation. Respiratory effort is normal. Cardiovascular: Regular rate and rhythm with normal S1, S2. No murmur or rub. Abdomen: Nontender. No masses or organomegaly, exam limited by obesity. No bruits. Integumentary: No skin lesions present. Nails appear normal. No scalp erythema, scales, papules, pustules, erosions, or excoriations. Hair loss most noticeable in temporal region, equal bilaterally. Extremities: No edema is present. Psychiatric: Oriented to time, place, person, and situation. Has appropriate mood and affect. Assessment: Telogen effluvium (704. 02) Hair loss is classified into 3 classifications, cicatricial alopecia (inflammatory), nonscarring alopecia and inherited and acquired structural hair disorders. In evaluating hair loss it is important to assess duration and rate, location and pattern, extent of loss, associated symptoms, hair care practices, and differentiation of hair shedding from breakage. Medical and family history, diet, and medications need to be assessed (Shapiro, Otberg, Hordinsky, 2013). Telogen effluvium is diffuse hair loss that is reversible caused by a significant stressor such as significant weight loss, pregnancy, major illness or surgery (Goldstein Goldstein, 2012). As the patient has lost 50 pound in 10 months, this is the most likely cause of her diffuse hair loss. She will stop her very low carbohydrate diet for a more moderate, varied diet. If the hair loss continues she will need further evaluation. Differential diagnosis 1. Endocrine related hair loss: Hair loss may be caused by several endocrine disorders, presentation is typically with non-scarring alopecia that is diffuse (Olszewska, Warszawik, Rakowska, Slowinska, Rudnicka, 2011). †¢Hypopituitarism, not assessed, needs serum cortisol (Synder, 2012), will order if symptoms continue. †¢Hypothyroidism, ruled out, TSH normal. †¢Hyperthyroidism, ruled out, TSH normal. †¢Diabetes mellitus, ruled out, fasting glucose normal. †¢Growth hormone deficiency, unlikely obese adult of greater than normal height. †¢Hyperprolactinaemia, ruled out, prolactin normal. †¢Polycystic ovary syndrome, unlikely. No hirsutism, virilization, acne, infertility, or history of menstrual irregularities (prior to amenorrhea from IUD) (Barbieri Ehrmann, 2012). †¢Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (late onset), unlikely, no hirsutism or menstrual irregularities (Merke, 2013). 2. Alopecia areata : Diagnosis is unlikely, as alopecia areata is considered an autoimmune disease, with significant associations with vitiligo, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune thyroid disease, and allergic rhinitis. ESR was normal, and this patient has no symptoms of inflammation due to autoimmune disease (Chu et al. 2011). 3. Drug related alopecia areata : NSAIDs have been associated with hair loss (WebMD, 2012). Patient reports taking regular naproxen, for the last few months due to muscle aches from exercise and taking care of her horses in the winter. However, this was not until after hair loss started, so may be a contributing factor but not direct cause. Recommended to stop all NSAIDs until problem is corrected. 4. Excess vitamin A: Vitamin A is toxic above daily intakes of greater than 25,000 IU for more than 6 years or more than 100,000 IU for at least 6 months (Penniston Tanumihardjo, 2006). This patient’s largest source of vitamin a has been leafy greens almost daily. Two cups of spinach has under 20,000 IU of vitamin A. She is not taking a vitamin a supplement. Therefore vitamin a toxicity is unlikely. 5. Syphilitic alopecia: Unlikely as patient tested negative for syphilis during her pregnancy, and has remained celibate since her divorce, several years later. Syphilitic alopecia occurs in only 4% of patients with syphilis (Hernadez-Bel, Unamuno, Sanchez-Carazo, Febrer, Alegre, 2012). 6. Nutritional deficiencies: Although this is a likely cause, it difficult to determine if hair loss is from significant weight loss or nutritional deficiencies from a very low carbohydrate diet lasting 10 months. Deprivation of several components, such as proteins, minerals, fatty acids, and vitamins, can lead to structural deformities, changes in pigmentation, or hair loss. One example, Acrodermatitis enteropathica, is caused by zinc deficiency (Finner, 2013). As the patient was eating a high protein, moderate fat, very low carbohydrate (vegetables only), a zinc deficiency is unlikely as it is closely related to protein intake. She also ate a large amount of vegetables daily. A vitamin or mineral closely linked to grains only would be a likely cause. Plan Telogen effluvium (704. 02) 1. FERRITIN HGB ESR TSH PROLACTIN all normal. 2. The loss of 50 pounds is overall very beneficial and will improve your health. However, this can cause hair loss, which is temporary and reversible. Regrowth should occur over 3 to 4 months. 3. I recommend a more moderate low carbohydrate diet and slower weight loss to lower the stress on your body. 4. As NSAIDs, such as Aleve, can cause hair loss, I would also advise to avoid them until the symptoms have resolved. 5. Return for further evaluation if hair loss does not resolve in three to four months. If no improvement or if your symptoms progress, follow up with a dermatologist. ? References Barbieri, R. L. , Ehrmann, D. A. (2012). Clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults. Retrieved from http://www. uptodate. com/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-in-adults? source=search_resultsearch=pcosselectedTitle=4%7E

Urban Life in the Works of Monet, Degas and Seurat Essay - 1

Urban Life in the Works of Monet, Degas and Seurat - Essay Example The essay "Urban Life in the Works of Monet, Degas and Seurat" examines the representation of the urban life in the works of Monet, Degas and Seurat. Paris of the middle of the 19th century is first of all a place of relaxation and fun, a place where a lot of visitors come for pleasure and entertainment. Paris is full of operas, vaudevilles and cafes. This is a city of strangers. I would like to dwell on the paintings of Manet, Degas and Seurat in this essay - the artists who touched upon the topic of the modern metropolis in their works as well. They painted all kinds of people from street musicians to aristocrats, but the biggest attention they paid to the so called â€Å"bohemia† – artists, poets, journalists, etc. Manet’s painting â€Å"At the cafe† is one that depicts one of his favorite themes – cafes in the lives of Parisians. This is a place where people can be together, but yet alone. Or those who are lonely can get a false feeling of intim acy – because in the cafes people are in close proximity to each other. This is what modern city was about – loneliness amongst crowds of people, strangers being together, and people who are supposed to be together are from each other in their hearts and minds, if not physically. â€Å"At the cafe† shows three people, sitting together at the table. It seems like these three people are a family – husband and wife, and their daughter. Yet none of them seems to be interested in the other person, in what he or she is saying, in their feelings.

Research paper on hiv in the miss delta Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On hiv in the miss delta - Research Paper Example Consequentially, the federal government has been instrumental in dealing with this situation. It has invested massive resources in treatment and research in finding a lasting cure (Mancoske and Smith, 2004). However, the epidemic continues to spread at a staggering rate. In controlling the situation, the Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) has been instrumental in focusing on the progress in fighting the pandemic. While focusing on the Mississippi delta, CDC conducted research on the prevalence of the epidemic in the area. It was found out that Mississippi is an area highly affected with HIV. To control the situation, most of the organizations that deal with HIV and AIDS have decided to focus their attention in this area. According to statistics conducted in Mississippi in 2011, there are more males that are affected than females. The statistics state that 69% of the population affected with HIV (Schneidewind, 2011). On the other hand, only 31% are females affected with HIV. This shows that the spread of HIV among males is more than half when compared to females. Attention in Mississippi has been drawn to assist in reduction of spread amongst males. This has been successful as many organizations have started educational centers to sensitize the population. This has been doing well as the spread of HIV has been recording a drop. In taking a closer look at the demographics, it is estimated that 72% of the people living with HIV are blacks who are not Hispanic. This is followed by 23% of whites who are not Hispanic. Hispanic and Asian people living with HIV are estimated at 2% each. The other percentage is spread across other races and ethnicities. In the recent research in 2011, it is believed that social factors are contributors in the spread of HIV (Schneidewind, 2011). Is it stated that the spread of HIV is rife in southern counties of Mississippi where people are living in mere squalor (Acton, 2012). According to recent statistics, it shows that counties that have the highest number of people affected with HIV are living in abject poverty. Statistics show that one in every five people live below the acceptable poverty line (Schneidewind, 2011). As such, a fifth of the population is earning far less income to sustain their lifestyle. Consequentially, there is a close connection between people living below the federal poverty line and the spread of HIV (Satcher, 2007). People that live below the federal poverty line are ten times more likely to have HIV than people that have a steady income and live above the poverty line. For instance, a household that earns less than $ 10, 000 in a year houses people that are more likely to have HIV as compared to families that earn over $ 50, 000 in a year. Similarly, the healthcare services in these regions are in deplorable state. The access to healthcare has been a hard task and people are likely to be affected by opportunistic diseases (Ciambrone, 2003). In controlling the situation, t he federal government has ensured there is supply of more resources to these areas. Improvement of healthcare services has been instrumental in reducing the prevalence of HIV. In addition to this, unemployment plays a big role in the spread of HIV. It is estimated that the unemployment rate in Mississippi is at 10%. This increases the number of people that are prone to infections. Awareness is one of the factors that contribute to reduction in the spread of

Human Elephant Conflict. Human Invasion Into The Wilderness Essay

Human Elephant Conflict. Human Invasion Into The Wilderness - Essay Example The article by Perera (2009) reported in Gajaha points out that most Asian nations are facing a drastic decline in the number of elephants. Similar trend was visible in Africa where the number of elephants declined from over 5 million to anywhere between 470,000 and 630,000 in a matter of hundred years. Thus, while the African elephants are termed ‘near threatened’ by the IUCN Red List, their Asian counterparts are classified ‘endangered’ by the Red List of the World Conservation Union (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 2011). However, before blaming humans for all these, it is necessary to look into the numbers of yearly manslaughter by elephants. According to Handwerk (2005), nearly 500 people are killed by elephants in a year, and the number is on rise year by year. Thus, it becomes evident that there is a conflict between men and elephants. This work looks into the various factors behind the conflict and the various ef fects of the conflict. Human invasion into the wilderness- the first reason It is pointed out by Nelson et al (2003) that one reason for increased elephant-human contact is the changes in land use. People started converting forest land for crop cultivation, settlement, and livestock grazing. The scholars make the observation that as human landscape reached such areas which were previously occupied by wildlife, there is higher chance for human-elephant conflict. Another point comes from Houghton (1994). ... Then, elephants move towards the farmlands and settlements in the near vicinity for water. There are many more reasons in the pipeline. According to Lahm (1996), one reason is logging. As already noted, elephants live on secondary vegetation and successional forest. When logging occurs, the cleared land gives birth to thick growth of secondary vegetation. Thus, elephants tend to move to these newly developed areas for food. Yet another vital point as put forward by Kangwana (1995) is that increased human interference leads to the development of canals and cattle fences. When such developments block the natural migration routes of elephants, and when humans settle along the boundaries of such protected areas, the possibility of human-elephant conflict increases. Also, there is the revelation from Naughton et al (1999) that as the economic situation of people has improved, there is a considerable decline in tolerance to elephant presence. There is a totally different aspect of the issu e explored by Anderson and Grove (1987). According to them, there are various factors that lead to the development of enmity in humans towards elephants (ibid). The most important factor is the development of national parks by governments. Such parks tend to exclude the local people making them feel alienated from the entire plan. As a result, the area becomes ‘frozen’ in a short while. So, the local people start resenting the wildlife, and dominant wild animals like elephants are the main victims of this hostile attitude. The scholars argue that this resentment is exacerbated by the feeling that the animals have access to such political, economic, and land advantages which are inaccessible for the native people (ibid). Yeager and Miller

Leadership Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership Evaluation - Essay Example This is just to show how different these criteria are and with them come different expectations and results. One such criterion that has stood out in the US is the Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence. This is the award offered under the Baldrige national quality program which is the nation’s highest presidential honor for organizational innovation and performance. Several companies have been awarded and their results have reflected their innovative attributes that were recognized under this program. One such company is the Cargill Corn Milling North America. A closer look at the company will detail how significant this award is and how leadership evaluation can be used to increase a company’s worth as well as output. The different strategies used will be highlighted and compared to the way the company has been operating since its inception in 1967. The baldrige Criteria for Performance and the Cargill Corn Milling (CCM): The criteria used by the Baldrige Progra m are mainly embodied in seven key areas. These are leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, measurement, analysis and knowledge management, workforce focus, operations focus, and results (BPEP, 2012). These areas are analyzed and assessed in that order in a way that shows their relationship. They have to look at the organizational profile since it sets the context of the way the organization operates. It is at this top spot that the guiding attributes are found, which allow one to venture into the company’s organizational performance and management system in a systematic manner. The performance system deals with different triads. First, there is the leadership triad that consists of leadership, strategic planning, and customer focus categories. If the leaders are not in touch with the way each of these three goes on, the company is likely to stagnate since operations will be stalled. The other three categories that are under the performance system include the workforc e focus, operations focus and the results category which form the results triad. These three represent the recipe towards the success of the company and should be idealized by the management to ensure each attribute is running smoothly and is devoid of any hiccups. It should represent a sure way of handling any queries that may arise and how to effectively handle them. These two triads are the core attributes that form the performance mantle. They directly link leadership to results entailing their interdependent relationship (BPEP, 2012). The system's foundation consists of the fourth category that focuses on measurements, analysis, and knowledge management. This offers the path through which innovation will take place and how crucial each attribute is towards the continuity of a company (BPEP, 2012). With CCM being in the manufacturing category, these seven attributes have to be intertwined to help achieve the best results and increase their market presence. The criterion stated a bove was applied in its entirety and the results were evident from the detailed report provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology which oversees these awards. The company has over the past few decades been on an upward trend with its earnings after tax nearly tripling from the 2003 to 2007 financial period. They have received numerous awards for their customer relations with each individual, from top to bottom